Today, I am reading and commenting on  Exodus 13-15.

My thoughts about today’s passage are scattered.  My first thought was similar to my thoughts about yesterday’s passage: the importance of communicating to the next generation the ways in which God has demonstrated His power and His love for us.  The point of the Passover celebration was to remind the Israelites about how God had saved them from captivity through His mighty power, and to communicate that to the next generation.  Then I came to the song which Moses and the Israelites sang after they crossed the Red Sea (or the Sea of Reeds, since the correct translation of the Hebrew is ambiguous).  There they praise God for rescuing them from Pharaoh’s mighty army.  The song reflects that Pharaoh and his army thought that they could strike down the Israelites with impunity, but that God acted to protect them.  Finally, we have the Israelites complaining about the absence of drinkable water at Marah, despite having experienced God’s power to save and care for them twice just before this.  This last reflects on our human nature to forget how God has cared for us in the past in the face of our latest struggle.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Exodus 10-12.

There are two aspects to the way in which we generally understand the Exodus from Egypt which are not exactly supported by the passages.  The first one I want to point out is rather minor.  We generally read the account about the plagues as Moses leaving Pharaoh’s presence after Pharaoh refused to let the people go, then returning to warn Pharaoh of the next plague.  However, after the Plague of Darkness, Pharaoh warns Moses that if he ever sees him again, he will kill Moses (or have him killed) and Moses agrees that he will never appear before Pharaoh again.  As I read the passage today, I realized that after telling Pharaoh that he would never appear before him again, Moses told him about the Plague on the Firstborn before leaving.  It occurred to me that you would structure the account this way if you were telling each plague as a night time story to children that would be continued the following night.

Now the other mistake we make when thinking about Exodus is a major mistake.  It partly results from movie adaptations.  We think that Moses came to Pharaoh and demanded that he free the Israelites, but that is not what Moses did.  Moses came to Pharaoh and requested that he allow the Israelites to go into the wilderness for three days to make an offering to God and then return to their slavery.  After the death of the Egyptian firstborn, Pharaoh told Moses to take all of the Israelites and their flocks to worship God “as you have requested”.  This suggests that Pharaoh intended for the Israelites to go into the wilderness to worship and then return to their slavery.  However, other parts of the passage suggest that the rest of the Egyptians wished for the Israelites to never return.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Exodus 7-9.

I first noticed that Aaron’s staff swallowed up the staffs of Pharaoh’s advisers when they were all snakes when I watched the animated movie, “The Prince of Egypt”.  In the movie, Pharaoh does not notice this, but I believe the passage intends for us to understand that Pharaoh was aware of it happening yet chose to refuse God’s command anyway.  Pharaoh’s advisers were able to reproduce the signs which Moses and Aaron performed up until they produced gnats.  At which point, Pharaoh’s advisers warned him that he was going up against God (or, at least, against a god).   I want to note that even though God told Moses before he performed his first sign for Pharaoh that He would harden Pharaoh’s heart, the passage describes Pharaoh’s refusal to let the Israelites go in a manner which suggests Pharaoh making a choice until the sixth plague, the plague of boils.  The Egyptian people believed that the Pharaoh was a god, or perhaps better phrased as they believed he was the incarnation of a god. Thinking about that makes me wonder if this Pharaoh believed that he was a god and that his advisers were duplicating the signs Moses and Aaron performed using his power.  Or, did he know that his advisers were performing tricks and assume that the signs performed by Moses and Aaron which his advisers could not reproduce were also tricks which his advisers did not know the secret to perform?  In any case, Pharaoh had all of the evidence he needed from when the staffs turned into snakes to know that he should listen to what Moses and Aaron had to say.  Of course, I write that as if there is no way I would have made that mistake.  And I know that there is a good chance I would have made the same mistake.  How many times have we failed to listen when God was speaking to us?

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Exodus 4-6.

Part of this passage confuses me.  When Moses left his father-in-law it tells us that he took his wife and sons (note the plural there) with him.  A couple of verses later, the passage says that the Lord met “him” (which the translators decided meant Moses, and probably does) and was about to kill him.  The only reason the Lord did not kill Moses was because Zipporah circumcised her son (note the singular there) with a flint knife.  I am confused by the fact that God had sent Moses to Egypt but now was seeking to kill him.  Why was the Lord seeking to kill Moses here?  Was it because his son was uncircumcised?  Were both of his sons uncircumcised, or just the one?   The best explanation I have seen for this is that these few verses were part of a larger account which has been lost to us over time.  As best I can make it out, Moses had failed, for one reason or another, to circumcise the younger of his two sons (there is no biblical basis for it being the younger, that is just what makes sense to me). God could not have his representative not be in compliance with the rules he had laid down for the descendants of Abraham.  I further speculate that Moses had not circumcised his son for one of two reasons.  First, he did not circumcise him because Zipporah objected.  Second, maybe Zipporah had wanted Moses to circumcise his sons (she was also a descendant of Abraham by way of Midian whose mother was Keturah), but Moses did not do so(perhaps only refusing on one of the sons).  Both of these explanations would explain why Zipporah was the one to perform the circumcision here when Moses was apparently unable to do so.  Another factor in our trouble understanding this account is that it was written in Hebrew more than 3,000 years ago.  We may lack some understanding of the words used which may have been common at that time which would have made the meaning more clear.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.

Today, I am reading and commenting on  Exodus 1-3.

A few days ago I had mentioned that one of the signs that a story you hear is an urban legend is that it does not contain the names of any of the people involved.  (I want to note that the absence of names does not prove the story did not happen.  It is merely an indicator that you should look at the story a little closer before accepting it as true).  This led me to take note that when the passage talks about the pharaoh telling the Hebrew midwives to kill the males born to Hebrew women, it mentions their names.  Further, the name of one of those midwives appears in a list of slaves held in Egypt from a time which could potentially have been the time of the Exodus, although a little early(I will note that recent discoveries have led to archeologists re-evaluating the dates they had previously given many events in Egypt, which might move this list right into the dates for the Exodus which can be derived from the Bible).  I found the information about the name of one of the midwives while doing a quick Internet search to see if they are mentioned elsewhere in the Bible.  They are not.  As part of that search I came across the existence of a document written by an ancient Egyptian sage, Ipuwer, which recounts a time of great disruption in Egypt.  This document contains an account which resembles the account of the Israelites leaving Egypt found in Exodus.  The resemblance is similar enough that it could be describing the same event, but different enough that it may be about a completely different event.  So, while the Ipuwer Papyrus does not prove Exodus, it does mean there are the sort of records which one would expect to exist if it did.

I really struggled with today’s title, because the extrabiblical documents I mentioned in today’s passage do not provide evidence for the biblical account, but they do tell us something about the biblical account.

I use the daily Bible reading schedule from “The Bible.net” for my daily Bible reading.